The widely cited original reference for the TLICS (Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity) system is:
Vaccaro AR, Hulbert RJ, Patel AA, et al.
“A new classification system for thoracolumbar injuries: the importance of injury morphology, the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status.”
Spine. 2005 Nov 15;30(22):2325–33.
This paper, published by the Spine Trauma Study Group, introduced the TLICS framework and explained how the key components (injury morphology, posterior ligamentous complex integrity, and neurologic status) are scored and used to guide treatment decisions.
